It's that time of year again... UPS MAINTENANCE TIME. Uninterruptable Power Supplies that is. Between my server farm, our individual offices, and different places around the house we use several UPSes and over the years I have bought APC Smart-UPS 900's in order to have only 1 consistent type I have to learn and take care of. Even though they are all the same, it's still quite a "herd" to take care of. And a huge drag, though what doesn't kill me... yeah, makes me stronger :-p

These Smart-UPS 900's used to be findable on eBay for cheap, which is how I got started on them. However this last time I checked, all I could find was a lot of 124 of them for $1200 which comes out to about $9 apiece... yeah no thank you. Used server stuff definitely has a time window on eBay. I can no longer find the older Dell Precision Workstations I like for servers either. Boo Hoo! Guess I'll have to take the plunge into newer ones at some point.

Here's what the innards of one of them looks like. It's been opened like a clamshell with the top half on the left. The big black things are lead-acid batteries, which need to be replaced every 2-5 years depending on how hard they have worked and how expensive of batteries you bought. Beyond those is a large, very heavy transformer. One of these UPSes complete weighs about 55 lbs to give you some idea. All the electronics are on the one PC board which means if something goes wacky electronics-wise it's probably on that board, for which no schematics are available.

This round of servicing included 5 UPSes. My first step was to remove the covers and get all the old batteries out for recycling, then replace them with the 20 new batteries I had bought. Unfortunately when I popped open one of the units, its old batteries were all swelled up inside (see above). This probably means they got overcharged since the glass mat lead acid batteries have no room inside for the innards to swell up if they get overheated. Since I haven't been able to find schematics for the power supply, I went ahead and set that one aside marked "NFG - PARTS ONLY". I'll leave it up to you to figure out what NFG stands for.

Needless to say any parts pillaged off the NFG unit will have to be tested first prior to going into another, because the batteries are too expensive to waste. The above picture shows what used to be
a .25 fast-on connector, that was melted and burned, and got plastic schmutz all over it due to the hot swelled batteries. Yikes!

The next stage in maintenance was to let the units charge for 8 hours with the new batteries inside. As it turns out having a unit I could part out came in handy sooner than I expected; one of the remaining four did not seem to power up at all, and I could not hear a hum of it charging. While this could equally likely be a PC board problem, I first did the obvious which was to test the power switch (labeled "UPS Enable") and fuse (to the right of the switch) on the back side of the unit.

Here are the same two parts from the back side of the panel. They are in mirror image to how they appeared in the other picture, so the switch is circled in yellow, and the circuit breaker is the large black block with 2 pale blue fast-on connectors stuck on the back. I unplugged the other end of the switch, and unplugged the 2 fast-ons from the circuit breaker to isolate the two parts from the UPS and each other, then used a continuity tester (voltmeter in beeping ohms mode) to determine that the fuse was fine but the switch was kaput -- it registered as open whether it was "on" or "off". I removed it and stole the one from the dead unit, testing it first of course. All was well!

There's the switch out of its element. I wouldn't ordinarily expect a mechanical part like that to be the culprit, especially as it probably was rarely if ever used to turn the unit on and off. I looked up the part in the
Digi-Key catalog and found it only cost $1.33 for a quantity of 1. This is appallingly cheap!

I also stole 3 chassis screws from the dead UPS to replace ones missing off the others, and one of its rubber feets to replace a missing one on a 3rd UPS. After prying the foot off I found its stickum was dried out, which is probably how the other one got lost.

Nothing some doublestick tape can't fix! Since it is not my first rodeo (no matter how much it may seem like it) I peeled one side of the tape first, stuck the foot on, and then cut around it with scissors. Once it was covered with a nice square of double stick tape I was able to peel the other side off and stick it on.

I are an Genius!

The next step after all the working units had charged for 8 hours, was to calibrate them with their new batteries. This is done by putting a 1/3 to 1/2 capacity load on them, unplugging power so that they go into battery backup mode, and run them until the batteries have drained completely going into shutdown mode. They are supposed to beep 4 times every 1 minute until there is 5 minutes of power left, then beep continuously until they are dead. Here is a picture of the load I used, which is a shop worklight (it's off in the picture since it was too bright to photograph).

I could tell by the bar graph on the front of the units that it took up about 1/2 the load capacity of a UPS, and therefore suitable for testing. However for recordkeeping precision I also tested the lamp with
a Kill-a-Watt meter which showed it to be 288 watts, 284 VA, and pulling 2.4 amps. This makes logical sense because the total capacity of the UPSes is 670 VA apiece or roughly twice that.

As each UPS passed its tests, I noted down the date and test info on a small note that could be affixed to the UPS for future reference. Since it could be as long as 4 years before I have to service these again, I can't count on remembering it all! These little forms were made on Word and I just have it saved in a templates folder where I can print it out whenever I need any. In addition to showing the calibration data (including minutes of battery power at how much of a load, and whether the batteries are new today) there is room underneath to add any notes such as having replaced the power switch.

Now that the the labels are taped on, there's nothing else to do but wait 8 more hours for them to be fully recharged, and then they can be placed around the home and office. Until the next batch! :-p Oh... I did have 4 batteries left over because of the bad UPS. I went on eBay to find another Smart-UPS 900 but of course there weren't any at reasonable prices, they were either 124 for $1200 or 1 fully restored WITH batteries for $250. Reluctantly I finally investigated what the newer equivalent was and I learned that would be the Smart-UPS 1000. At first it didn't look like the Smart-UPS 1000 used the same batteries as the 900, until I looked a bit closer and realized they had simply glued them together in pairs. Daahahaha! :: slaps forehead ::